9/20/2023 0 Comments Ucr codebookSince the ACR depends not only on urinary albumin but also on urinary creatinine excretion, it will be affected by gender and age because muscle mass is lower in females than in males and decreases with age. The ratio of urine albumin to urine creatinine is used to predict nephropathy risk in diabetic patients. The amount of creatinine per unit of muscle mass is constant therefore, increased blood creatinine is the best indicator of impaired kidney function.Ĭreatinine measurement is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases, in monitoring renal dialysis, and is used to standardize other urinary analytes (e.g. It is then excreted by glomerular filtration during normal renal function. Creatinine is the waste product derived from muscle creatinine and is released into the blood at a relatively constant rate. Therefore, measurement of urinary albumin and creatinine concentrations are performed and an albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) was determined from both a random urine and a first morning void.Ĭreatinine is produced by creatine and creatine phosphate as a result of muscle metabolic However, a 24-hour urine collection is inconvenient to obtain in NHANES for logistical reasons. Because urinary albumin excretion follows a circadian rhythm, the preferred method to collect urine for albumin assessment is to collect a 24 hour urine specimen. Various large cohort studies have shown that microalbuminuria is a strong risk predictor for cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality. Increased microalbuminuria is a sign of renal disease and may be predictive of nephropathy risk in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Two urine samples are needed to assess persistent albuminuria and confirm the presence of kidney damage. Persistent albuminuria is used to determine kidney damage for categorizing persons as having stage 1 and stage 2 CKD. Risk factors for CKD include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Untreated CKD can result in end-stage renal disease and necessitate dialysis or kidney transplantation. In addition, the urine creatinine is used to standardize the collection of urine analytes such as environmental chemicals.Ĭhronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious condition associated with premature mortality, decreased quality of life, and increased health-care expenditures. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio is used to classify stages of chronic kidney disease. Urinary albumin and urinary creatinine are measured in a random urine sample collected in the MEC (first collection) and a first morning void urine sample collected by the participant at home (second collection).
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